Thursday, October 19, 2023

Adapting Palliative Care to New Models - What's in a Name?

The following guest post is adopted from the blog of Acclivity Health Solutions, NHPCO Strategic Partner. 

Written by: Robin Stawasz, Program Development Executive 

When is palliative care not palliative care? How vital is nomenclature? As the healthcare continuum and payment reform evolves, palliative care providers must re-evaluate what constitutes the essence of palliative care and how the care model can best adapt. Without a federal benefit currently defining palliative care, as it does for hospice, there is great variation in care models which causes many disadvantages. However, it also creates opportunities. Providers can hold on to the core of palliative care while specializing the services to best meet the needs of their stakeholders, including their patients, families, partnered providers, and payers.

The Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) Model from CMMI is one such opportunity. GUIDE is not technically palliative care. But it calls for many of the core services that palliative care provides. Specifically, it calls for meeting the holistic needs of the patient through an interdisciplinary team, providing education and respite for the caregivers, keeping the loci of care in the home, aiding in transitions, being available 24/7, and addressing social, behavioral, and functional needs through community support. Who better than palliative care providers to deliver such services? Given the payment structure, providers will need to adapt to keep services efficient and sustainable, such as adopting technology and data capabilities to manage this population effectively. But it will create continuity of care for this seriously ill population, as well as build the relevance and networking opportunities for provider organizations. Whether palliative care providers enroll in GUIDE directly or through contracts with other GUIDE providers, there is opportunity here to build service lines, diversify revenue streams, and build costumer pipelines. Being able to apply the strengths of palliative care to new care models, no matter how they are labeled, will empower providers to take advantage of new payment models, especially within value-based care. The palliative care field needs to move into innovation, adaptation, specialization, and collaboration. If not palliative care, other providers will move into this space and the opportunity will be lost.

Tuesday, September 5, 2023

Interpersonal Skills Crucial to Nurse Retention and Cultural Competency

The following guest post from Enclara Pharmacia is adapted from their recent ebook, Cultivating Care: Prioritizing Hospice Nurse Learning and Development, which is available as a free download on the Enclara website. 

Two of the top priorities for hospice providers today are improving nurse retention and advancing health equity. While these are both complicated issues that call for a variety of interventions, there is at least one area where they intersect: interpersonal communication.

Perhaps because nursing is a “caring profession,” we tend to assume interpersonal communication comes naturally to nurses. However, research suggests that nurses are more or less in line with the general public when it comes to overall emotional intelligence, including social skills.

Hospice nurses are well aware that they have room for improvement. In a 2019 survey, 70 percent desired more communication training. Self-perceived deficits in navigating difficult topics with patients and caregivers were associated with stress and burnout, which can in turn increase staff turnover.

Interestingly, two of the communication areas palliative nurses find most difficult are directly related to cultural competency: talking with patients or families from different cultures and responding to spiritual concerns. This suggests that incorporating interpersonal communication training alongside diversity and inclusion initiatives can improve the nurse experience while also reducing disparities in care for minority communities with historically lower hospice participation.

For more insights, download Cultivating Care: Prioritizing Hospice Nurse Learning and Development.

  • Explore the benefits of nurse education for both quality of care and staff retention
  • Prioritize subject matter in technical, operational, interpersonal and clinical domains
  • Leverage resources you may already have available to provide maximum value

Tuesday, July 25, 2023

Using Data to Manage the Hospice Cap

Janice Mitchell, Communications Specialist at Axxess

Hospice leaders are responsible for the health and well-being of both their patients and their organization. From a financial perspective, this includes minimizing risk by managing spending and the hospice cap.

Defining the Hospice Cap

The cap is designed to ensure that hospice care does not exceed the cost of conventional medical care at the end of life. The allowable amounts are limited by two things: an annual limit per beneficiary and the number of beneficiaries served. Any amount paid to a hospice for its claims that exceeds the cap is considered an overpayment and must be repaid to Medicare.

The fiscal year 2023 hospice cap amount increased by 3.8% from the prior year. The recommendation from the June 2023 MedPAC report is for Congress to update the Medicare base payment rates by the amount specified in current law with a wage adjustment, in addition to reducing the hospice aggregate cap by 20%.

Minimize the Risk of Overpayment

“I was thinking specifically about the Medicare payment and cap rate, and [these are] some of my favorite hospice solution features that I wish I would have had as an operator to minimize my risk – outside of spiral bound notebooks,” said Christina Andrews, Senior Director of Professional Services at Axxess.

Reports on the topics outlined below can help organizations minimize their risk of overpayment:

  •  Cap Statistics Report: This type of report calculates allowable Medicare payments, estimates how much revenue is under or over the cap, estimates Medicare beneficiaries and provides the total number of Medicare inpatient days and the maximum inpatient days.
  • Median and Average Length of Stay Reports: These reports generate the median and average length of stay for the specified date range. This information helps organizations determine if there is an opportunity to create a balanced length of stay.
  • Referral Report: This type of report generates a list of all patients and referrals entered into the system, which also helps balance the length of stay.

How to Balance Length of Stay

Andrews encourages hospice organizations to develop a strategy to balance the average length of stay for their patients. Hospices above the cap admit fewer patients per year and have significantly longer stays and higher discharge rates than hospices below the cap. The following activities can be included in the plan.

  • Have daily cap calls to report on daily activity toward goals.
  • Assess community needs on an ongoing basis to grow market share and penetration.
  • Create a brand and identify key messages to convey based on community needs and how your organization solves them.
  • Develop marketing and sales strategies based on referral and admission data.
  • Establish weekly admission goals by referral partner.
  • Use needs-based selling that highlights the value proposition of the services provided.
  • Create a diversification strategy to impact the referral mix and stay within national benchmarks.

Using Business Intelligence

Andrews also recommends the use of business intelligence dashboards to create a road map to success. Useful key performance indicators include:

  • Medicare Beneficiaries
  • Average Length of Stay
  • Media Length of Stay
  • Referrals by Referral Partner
  • Inpatient Days as a Percentage of Total
  • Admissions by Benefit Period
  • Admissions by Primary Diagnosis
  • Live Discharges by Reason
  • Benchmark Against Self
  • Benchmark Against National

“Be very cautious of information overload,” Andrews said. “This is the excess of information available to a person aiming to complete a task or make a choice. Managing cap risk is a daily task driven by strategy and the metrics that matter.”

Axxess Hospice, a cloud-based hospice software, includes tools such as intuitive medication management and real-time plan of care updates as outlined above to help keep organizations compliant.

Disclaimer: Axxess is a 2023 Strategic Partner of NHPCO. All views expressed in this blog are the author’s own and do not represent the view of NHPCO.

Monday, July 3, 2023

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Equitable Access to Healthcare for All

 

By Ben Marcantonio

COO and interim CEO of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO)

The Fourth of July is a time to celebrate the United States’ independence, but it is also an opportunity to reflect on our nation’s founding principles, and how we can live by those ideals today and into the future. The Declaration of Independence tells us: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” The first sentence of the U.S. Constitution sets out the purpose of that founding document and our purpose as a country: “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”


As I think about our work in hospice and palliative care, and the broader healthcare community, I see our purpose reflected in these founding documents. Providers certainly are foundational to quality of life and the pursuit of happiness. By supporting patients, families, and the community, we are helping form a more perfect union. Delivering equitable access to healthcare for all is an important part of justice.

Last week, the news was dominated by headlines about recent Supreme Court decisions on affirmative action and LGBTQ+ rights. Regardless of whether you think the court made the right or wrong decisions in these cases, we can all recognize that these rulings will affect the everyday lives of people, particularly Black and Hispanic individuals, and members of the LGBTQ+ community. We also know that these decisions have an influence that is broader and deeper than meets the eye.

These court decisions have multi-directional impact because they are connected to healthcare. Every day, in communities across America, there are people who have inequitable access to healthcare. It’s clear that access to care is impacted by factors such as wealth, where people live, and what insurance they have or are lacking. It may be less obvious on the surface, but it is no less true that race, ethnicity, language, gender, sexual orientation, and religion can impact access to and/or delivery of care as well. If you can’t get care in a language you understand, is that full access to care? If treatment of pain is likely to vary based on a patient’s race, is our health system equitable? If our Hispanic and Latino neighbors know less about hospice than their Black or White counterparts, as shown in a recent report, can we say we are delivering on the promise of equal access? These issues are often compounded by lack of trust and dedicating the time it takes to build rapport and meaningful relationships. The Hospice through the DEI Lens report shows that nearly 1/3 of LGBTQ+ respondents either doubt or are unsure that hospice care providers would respect their sexuality. With that level of doubt, LGBTQ+ people are less likely to access care. Decades of mistreatment of African American/Black and Native American communities by the medical establishment has led to mistrust of doctors and health facilities, creating significant barriers to access for many Americans today. 

As a longtime hospice provider, and now a champion for hospices across the country, I am proud of the many ways in which our members have been at the forefront of making care accessible to more people. One of the most prominent examples is the way that hospices stepped up during the AIDS crisis to care for patients who were largely ignored by the rest of the health system. Today, we have incredible and inspiring examples of hospices reaching people where they are. There are hospices in prisons, with care provided by prisoners. There are hospices delivering care to people who are unhoused. There are hospices established recently with the express goal of reaching underserved communities, in both rural and urban settings, as well as hospices focused on connecting with African American and Black communities. Let’s take that further. Our charge to support equitable and accessible care for ALL at the end of life, includes caring for those who are on the unpredictable and often precarious trajectory of serious illness and co-morbid conditions.

This imperative and unwavering commitment to equity and justice is foundational to our country and to the hospice movement and should be our guide to creating a better future for all. But equity does not exist in a vacuum. It is found through embracing diversity of thought, words, and actions as well as a curiosity for learning with an open mind. As our nation continues to wrestle with inequities that prevent certain groups of people from pursing life, liberty, and happiness, we can strive for an even more perfect union to become a part of the solution. I believe the hospice and palliative care community has an important role to play. It’s our job to meet people where they are, to provide the care they need at the right time and in the right manner. Our job as healthcare providers is to recognize and celebrate the differences that make each person unique, and to deliver care that meets their individual needs. I’m proud to be part of this community; I’m proud of NHPCO’s work to support hospices in advancing equity and providing inclusive care; I’m proud that the hospice movement is helping advance freedom and justice. As we look to the future of our country and of the hospice movement, we must remain committed to freedom, justice, and equality for all.

Note: NHPCO offers a wealth of hospice and palliative care access and inclusion resources at www.nhpco.org/diversity

Thursday, June 29, 2023

Hospice Action Week 2023: Advocates Unite on Capitol Hill

On Wednesday, June 7 hospice and palliative care advocates from across the nation made a difference and presented a united voice in Washington, DC.

As a part of the annual Hospice Action Hill Day, over 70 NHPCO and HAN advocates gathered to make legislative visits on Capitol Hill in support of key policy priorities impacting hospices of all shapes and sizes. This was the first completely in-person Hospice Action Hill Day since 2020. Participants were excited to come together and have face-to-face congressional meetings for the first time in years.

Participants included members of the board of directors for both organizations, state leaders, MyHospice Ambassadors, and grassroots advocates. There were representatives from every piece of the hospice and palliative care system, from CEOs to clinicians and nurses, from administrators to volunteers. NHPCO and HAN staff also joined groups of advocates for meetings, including five NHPCO summer interns. Advocates’ previous experience on the Hill ranged from decades of visits to the Capitol to this event being their first-ever opportunity to meet with legislators.

Over 130 Congressional offices in the House and Senate took time to speak with advocates representing providers, patients, and families from more than half the total states in the US.

Advocates spoke with legislative offices about five key policy issues: community-based palliative care, program integrity, payment policy, the future of the hospice workforce, and the results of the recent NORC study on annual hospice cost savings to Medicare. Through a series of trainings and resources, advocates were introduced to recent developments on these issues and key asks for legislators.

One key ask was for legislators to support the Expanding Access to Palliative Cart Act (S. 1845), which was introduced on June 7 during Hospice Action Hill Day. This bill would authorize the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to test a demonstration model of providing palliative care to Medicare beneficiaries outside of the hospice benefit and in community settings. On the workforce front, legislative offices were also asked to support the Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (PCHETA), which is expected to be reintroduced before the end of June.

On program integrity asks, advocates informed legislative offices of NHPCO and partners’ 34 recommendations to CMS, and that a bipartisan sign-on letter to CMS on the issue from Representatives Earl Blumenauer (OR) and Beth Van Duyne (TX) would soon be circulating.

Advocates have shared that legislative offices were engaged with policy issues and asks, expressing enthusiasm for the latest NORC research, interest in exploring paths forward for workforce and program integrity issues, and in expanding access to palliative care. Offices also reportedly expressed interest in being involved in the We Honor Veterans program.

At the pre-Hill Day training on June 6, Hill staffer Sarah Gilbert of Representative Neal Dunn’s office (R-FL) stopped by for a conversation about what advocates could expect when meeting with a Congressional office. 

The training also included recognition for leaders and advocates who made a special difference in the last year for hospice and palliative care.

The 2022 Hospice Angel Awards for members of Congress were shared. Advocates meeting with some offices the following day were able to personally deliver these awards. Honorees who met with advocates during the Hospice Action Hill Day included Senator Shelley Capito (R-WV) and Congressman Joe Morelle (D-NY).

Winners of the 2022 MyHospice Ambassador Awards were also formally announced at the pre-Hill Day event. MyHospice Ambassadors is an advocacy program for those who are particularly committed to advancing hospice and palliative care through their demonstrated passion, dedication, and leadership. These award winners stood out through their efforts in the previous year:

  • Rookie of the Year: Angela LaBarca, Business Development Specialist with Caring Circle Hospice, Michigan
  • Impactful Voice: Sandy Kuhlman, Executive Director of Hospice Services of Northwest Kansas, Inc., Kansas
  • Ambassador of the Year: Demetress Harrell, CEO of Hospice in the Pines, Texas

The event also briefly recognized Mackenzie Daniek, co-director of Providence Hospice in Seattle and first-time Hospice Action Hill Day attendee. Daniek co-wrote an impactful op-ed on hospice care in the Seattle Times this past April, and organizers wanted to recognize the piece as an ideal example of advocates effectively raising the profile of hospice and palliative care issues.

Overall, the Hospice Action Hill Day and the training that preceded it have already proven to be a seminal moment in NHPCO and HAN advocacy for 2023. With the start of a new Congress and the resolution of outstanding issues like the debt ceiling, it was vital for hospice and palliative care advocates to come together and raise a collective voice for the cause. After years of being separate-but-together, an in-person advocacy event provided opportunities for renewed energy among advocates from across the country.

Learn more about how YOU can be part of changing hospice care policy for the better by signing up with the Hospice Action Network today!

 View the full photo library.

HOSPICE ACTION WEEK 2023: ADVOCATES UNITE ON CAPITOL HILL

  

Wednesday, May 31, 2023

How Death Doulas Help Those Who Have Decided to Use Medical Aid in Dying

Arlene Radasky | 25-Year Hospice Volunteer and Certified Death Doula/Death Midwife

Disclaimer: All views expressed in this blog are the author’s own and do not represent the view of NHPCO or affiliated organizations.

Virginia grew up on a small farm and was fiercely independent. She worked extremely hard, juggling two jobs to raise her sons after her beloved young husband passed from a heart attack. The youngest of her two sons had an intellectual disability and required much of Virginia’s spare time.

As the boys grew into men, her youngest son, wanting independence for himself, chose to live in a group home. Her eldest son became a dentist and moved across the country.

As Virginia approached 68, she was diagnosed with myositis after several, injury-causing falls. Following two years of treatment, she could not live independently anymore. Additionally, her eldest son had a stroke and was living in a brain injury facility.

Virginia was on Medicaid and was moved to a nursing facility that had a bed available. She eventually declined to the point that she and her doctor decided hospice was the right next step for her wishes. 

She chose a local hospice, was evaluated and accepted, and her care team began caring for her. The hospice death doula volunteer on the team, Mary, made her first visit with Virginia to get to know her. Mary visited once a week for one hour, during which time Virginia became very comfortable with her.

At her visits, Mary helped Virginia fine tune her advance directives, talked about vigils, and planned what Virginia would like to have at hers. Mary also discussed the different options for burials or cremations after Virginia’s death and when Virginia decided on one, Mary made sure it was noted in her advance directives. The hospice team was notified and given copies of the edited advance directives, and Mary made sure a POLST was also completed.

In their many conversations, Mary learned details that Virginia had not felt comfortable talking to the doctor and nurses about. Mary made note of these concerns, such as a suspected bladder infection, in her weekly reports and team meetings. If needed, the subjects were discussed between Mary’s medical team, counselors, and Virginia in more detail.

Virginia continued living in the facility for eight months while she was under hospice care. Her falling risk was high during the last six months of her stay there and she was not let out of bed without supervision. These restrictions cause some toilet accidents that were mortifying to Virginia. Swallowing became more difficult, and the facility tried to compensate by changing her diet, making sure everything was cut into bite-sized pieces and eventually, blending some meals.

At the six month point of Virginia’s hospice care, she began asking about medical aid in dying (MAID). Mary made note of her questions and told Virginia’s team about their conversations. Virginia’s hospice counselor talked to her and together, they made the decision to start the process for Virginia so she would be able to use the option if she wanted to. Virginia asked Mary to transport her and attend the required appointments.

Virginia received the prescription and was told at that time by the facility she was in that she could not be a resident there when she decided to use the option. Virginia became anxious and despondent.

Mary reported this to the hospice team and asked if the hospice facility allowed the option. It did not, and neither did another facility in town. The only option left was to find a bed in a private home.

Mary asked Virginia about her friends with homes who lived nearby. There were very few, but Virginia and Mary contacted one who, after talking to Virginia on the phone, asked to meet with her. Mary picked up her friend, Theresa, and took her to meet with Virginia. They talked for an hour about the past, Virginia’s disease, and her decision. Mary then took Theresa home. One week later, she called Virginia and said she had an extra room where she could come stay for a while.

Mary told the hospice team a bed had been found. Together, Mary and a hospice nurse went to visit Theresa and look at the room. It was found appropriate, and a hospital bed was ordered for Virginia to be able to be in.

Mary was with Virginia during her transport to Theresa’s home and was able to make her comfortable, reporting back to the hospice team that Virginia was laughing with Theresa when she left.

Mary continued her weekly visits with Virginia, who had been on a liquid diet for two weeks when she said she was done and wanted to take the medicine. Mary discussed this decision with Theresa and with her hospice team, and the date Virginia had requested was assigned.

On the day Virginia chose, Mary arrived early so Virginia’s requested vigil space could be set up. A small fountain bubbled in the corner of the room. Virginia was changed into her requested night gown and made comfortable. Large scarves were draped around the windows to create a softer atmosphere, and over Virginia as she lay in the bed. Virginia’s chosen music was playing on Mary’s phone lying next to Virginia. Theresa came in to say goodbye but said she could not stay in the room while Virginia was dying. Mary said she would come tell her when it was over.

The nurse came and helped Virginia mix the medication with her choice of fruit juice. Virginia drank it when it was time. Mary sat next to Virginia, holding her hand at Virginia’s request the entire time.

Virginia continued breathing for longer than expected and the nurse left to attend to other patients while Mary stayed with Virginia during her vigil. After Virginia’s last breath, Mary called the hospice, reported that she needed a nurse to come to declare death, and went to tell Theresa that Virginia had died.

Mary sat with Theresa until Virginia’s body was removed. Mary made one more visit with Theresa a week later to talk about her grief, and to let her know about grief resources in the community.

Mary, the volunteer Death Doula, added many hours of compassionate discussion and attending to personal details for Virginia while she was a hospice patient.

Wednesday, May 17, 2023

A Conversation with Dr. Aditi Nerurkar, Leading Stress and Resilience Expert

Dr. Aditi Nerurkar, MD, MPH

Dr. Aditi Nerurkar is a Harvard physician, Forbes contributor, and an NBC News medical commentator. Her expertise is in the science of stress, resilience, and burnout. She offers insights in optimizing mental health, wellbeing, and productivity during the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond.

Dr. Nerurkar is on faculty at Harvard Medical School in the Division of Global Health & Social Medicine and serves as the Co-Director of the Harvard Clinical Clerkship in Community Engagement. Prior, she worked in global public health in Geneva, Switzerland with a World Health Organization collaborating center.

NHPCO had the opportunity to sit down with Dr. Nerurkar and ask her a few questions about leading high-quality programs in the healthcare sector, and her lessons learned over the years. NHPCO questions are italicized for clarity.

How will we know when the pandemic is over? Will we know when we have reached the “new normal?”

We are officially in the post-pandemic era from the policy perspective. On May 5, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the global health emergency but still said that COVID continues to be a global health threat. We are at present entering the new normal. That doesn’t mean that people won’t continue to get COVID or to be hospitalized and potentially die from the infection, it simply means we don’t have the policy guardrails, funding, and coordination we once did when it was considered a global health emergency. There are many downstream implications of this, many of which we cannot understand or begin to perceive now.

Why should hospice and palliative care teams enhance their focus on burnout and mental health? Where should they begin?

Every industry should be focused on mental health at this time because we are seeing unprecedented levels of mental health issues among employees across sectors. We’ve endured a major global event with broad ramifications on mental health, stress, and burnout. Particularly for those in the healthcare sector, this is especially marked. Prior to the pandemic, we were already noticing a rise in burnout among healthcare staff.

However, the pandemic exponentially accelerated this rise. We now have an epidemic of burnout among healthcare workers. We need to heal the healers

There are so many ways to begin to focus on protecting healthcare workers mental health and burnout. The first is to remove the burden of responsibility off the individual healthcare workers. This is a system-wide issue that needs systemic solutions. Broader institutional approaches to protect burnout must be instated. The American Medical Association has a wide array of resources and data on how to do this within an institution.

At the same time, we can support our healthcare workers by normalizing and validating this experience for them. Data shows that 60-72% of healthcare workers have at least one feature of burnout. We must do more to aid in burnout recovery for these individuals, who are now the majority.

You note that the pandemic has created an “occupational health crisis.” What does that mean?

We refer to the pandemic as a public health crisis, which it has been. But it’s also been an occupational health crisis and a mental health crisis. Mental health has been the shadow pandemic. We’ve seen an unprecedented rise in stress and burnout during the pandemic as well as a rise in stress-related conditions like anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The focus on recovery should include both individual and institutional factors. We must help individual healthcare workers recover from their burnout, but we also must focus on systemic solutions to help create more sustainable working conditions and an environment that supports the mental health needs of the individual workers. When an organization’s culture and an employee’s experience can align, that’s when mental health is optimized.

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If you’re interested in learning more from Dr. Nerurkar, she was a keynote speaker at the NHPCO 2023 Virtual Interdisciplinary Conference. Her session recording, The Reentry Phenomenon: A Blueprint to Navigate the New Normal, is now available in the conference portal for attendees. If you are not yet registered for the conference, register now and access the recording along with an extensive on-demand content library offering 22+ hours of CE/CME-eligible education.

NHPCO members can also find more resources on the end of the PHE through the NHPCO Regulatory and Policy Alerts webpage, under Updates and Alerts and titled “Final CMS Guidance for the Expiration of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (5/2/23).”